Eat Chocolate to Reduce Hypertension?

In the past, I’ve made a few posts regarding dark chocolate and hypertension. Here’s a link to a brief article that reminds us that indeed, research indicates that dark chocolate can improve blood pressure and may improve cholesterol levels and insulin sensitivity.

http://www.ephit.com/coventry_contest/chocolate.htm

The article also points out that processing removes much of the benefits of the chocolate.

If you’d be interested in dark chocolate that is minimally processed (not dutched and is cold pressed), please e-mail me and I’d be happy to send you some information. My contact info is in the “About” page.

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A Plethora of Antioxidant Acronyms

If you’re like me, you might feel like you’ve been dropped in a vat of alphabet soup when you read about anti-aging or antioxidants. I’m no microbiologist or even a whiz at word games, but I’ll give a shot at trying to ’splain some of the acronyms involved in the articles about which I post.

Since many of the articles refer to free radicals along with the acronyms, I’ll start off by trying to explain free radicals. High school chemistry was a very long time ago, but I seem to remember that there are some molecules that are short an electron – have an odd number, or whose valance (outer shell) is not full. These molecules seek to fill that outer shell by either sharing an electron or by “stealing” some from another molecule. Many metals are such molecules, as is oxygen. That’s why oxygen is expressed as O₂. Two oxygen atoms bond together by sharing electrons to fill their outer electron shell. We all know that oxygen will react with metal to create rust. That is oxygen combining with the metals to fill the outer shell.

Here’s an article that explains chemical bonding far better than I can.
http://www.school-for-champions.com/chemistry/bonding.htm

In our bodies, we need oxygen to fuel cellular energy production, but at the same time, oxygen and other reactive molecules can interact with with cell membranes or even DNA. Our cells can fail to function properly or die prematurely due to such damage. Cholesterol can also oxidize, which contributes to the buildup of plaque in our circulatory system. Luckily, our bodies have a defense against this type of damage. We have some enzymes that scavenge the molecules that need extra electrons & “loan” them some. However, many other free radical fighters are contained in food. These “antioxidants” can bond with the free radicals and prevent or minimize cellular damage.

Besides normal metabolism, there are many environmental factors that increase the amount of free radicals in our bodies, such as:

• stress
• smoking
• pollution
• sun overexposure
• radiation

My next post will dive into some acronyms.

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Chocolate and Prevention of CVD

Nutrition & Metabolism | Full text | Chocolate and Prevention of Cardiovascular Disease: A Systematic Review

I came across the study above a while ago, but am just getting around to mentioning it in this blog. This study is not primary research, but rather a review of all MEDLINE publications from 1966 through January 2005 looking for “relations between cocoa, cacao, chocolate, stearic acid, flavonoids (including flavonols, catechins, epicatechins, and procynadins) and the risk of cardiovascular disease.”

One of the things they looked at was whether or not the stearic acid content was detrimental to cardiovascular health. Stearic acid is the type of saturated fat found in cacao. The evidence suggests that it is neutral, unlike other saturated fats, which raise total cholesterol levels.

To quote the results of the study:

The body of short-term randomized feeding trials suggests cocoa and chocolate may exert beneficial effects on cardiovascular risk via effects on lowering blood pressure, anti-inflammation, anti-platelet function, higher HDL, decreased LDL oxidation. Additionally, a large body of trials of stearic acid suggests it is indeed cholesterol-neutral. However, epidemiologic studies of serum and dietary stearic acid are inconclusive due to many methodologic limitations. Meanwhile, the large body of prospective studies of flavonoids suggests the flavonoid content of chocolate may reduce risk of cardiovascular mortality. Our updated meta-analysis indicates that intake of flavonoids may lower risk of CHD mortality, RR = 0.81 (95% CI: 0.71–0.92) comparing highest and lowest tertiles.

It’s a good article. Got a lot of big words, but they do a good job of explaining and referencing the research.

I think I’ll go have some healthy dark chocolate.

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Fat Facts

I’m often asked about the different types of fats & how they interact with blood lipids. Here’s a very good summary of “The Facts on Fats.”

Discovery Health :: The Facts on Fats

In a nutshell:

• trans-fat–really bad (lowers “good” cholesterol, raises “bad” cholesterol)
• saturated fat–bad when overdone (raises total cholesterol)
• mono & polyunsaturated–good in moderation (depending on the source, can lower “bad” cholesterol & raise “good” cholesterol)

A typical American diet overdoes omega-6 fatty acids & is lacking in omega-3 fatty acids, so the last bullet point is actually a good blog subject for another day.

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Japanese Cocoa Powder Study

A recently completed four-week double-blind study on 160 subjects showed that consumption of cocoa powder reduced LDL and raised HDL. There have been quite a few studies that have shown the reduction of “bad” cholesterol and the increase of “good” cholesterol. Another interesting finding of the study was that oxidized LDL was reduced. Oxidized LDL may be linked to early stages of heart disease.

A link to the abstract of the study is here.

I don’t have a subscription to be able to read the entire study, but if I read the abstract correctly, they gave cocoa powder as a hot drink to the subjects. That is quite different than eating a dove bar, even if it is a dark chocolate bar. The polyphenols would most likely be more concentrated and the amount of saturated fat would be substantially less.

Some other recent articles of interest:

Why Cocoa May Help Heart Health
Discovery Health :: Cardio vs. Weight Training
Cocoa may help reduce cholesterol levels :: News :: Natural and Nutritional Products Industry Center

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